Violle to Carcel Unit Conversion

Comparison Chart of Violle to Carcel Unit units to understand their conversion accurately.


Please enter the value below for converison from Violle to Carcel Unit units or vice versa.

Violle (Platinum Standard Unit)

Introduction : The Violle unit was a high-intensity luminous standard based on a platinum source. Emitting about 20.17 candela, it aimed to offer a more stable and reproducible light reference before the candela was defined.

History & Origin : Proposed in 1884 by French physicist Jules Violle, the unit was based on the luminous intensity from a square centimeter of platinum at its melting point. Though precise, it was difficult to reproduce, limiting its adoption.

Current Use : Mainly used in academic settings and early photometric labs, the Violle unit represented the pursuit of precision in light measurement. It has since been entirely replaced by modern SI-based methods.

Carcel (French Oil Lamp Standard)

Introduction : The Carcel unit was a French standard for luminous intensity, defined by the light produced from a regulated oil lamp. With an output of about 9.61 candela, it served as a reference for photometry in 19th-century France.

History & Origin : Established in 1860 by the French government, the Carcel lamp burned colza oil under controlled conditions. It became a national standard for measuring brightness until replaced by more precise electric light standards and eventually the candela.

Current Use : Used extensively in early photometric studies and lamp manufacturing, the Carcel unit ensured consistent brightness measurements for streetlights, home lamps, and scientific instruments in pre-electric France.

Conversion of Violle to all other Units

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References

• NIST (US Government)
• Encyclopaedia Britannica